Why Sleep Is Important - How Sleep Works

How Sleep Works - Why Sleep Is Important - Why Sleep Is Important

Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life. The way you feel while you are awake depends in part on what happens while you are sleeping. During sleep, your body is working to support healthy brain function and maintain your physical health. In children and teens, sleep also helps support growth and development. Getting inadequate sleep over time can raise your risk for chronic health problems. It can also affect how well you think, react, work, learn, and get along with others. Learn how sleep affects your heart and circulatory system, metabolism , respiratory system, and immune system and how much sleep is enough.

Heart and circulatory system

- How Sleep Works - Why Sleep Is Important

When you fall asleep and enter non-REM sleep, your blood pressure and heart rate fall. During sleep, your parasympathetic system controls your body, and your heart does not work as hard as it does when you are awake. During REM sleep and when waking, your sympathetic system is activated, increasing your heart rate and blood pressure to the usual levels when you are awake and relaxed. A sharp increase in blood pressure and heart rate upon waking has been linked to angina and heart attacks.

People who do not sleep enough or wake up frequently may have a higher risk of:

• High blood pressure
• Ischemic heart disease
• Obesity
• Stroke

Hormones

- How Sleep Works - Why Sleep Is Important

Your body makes different hormones at different times of day. This may be related to your sleep pattern or your circadian clocks. In the morning, your body releases hormones that promote alertness, such as cortisol, which helps you wake up. Other hormones have 24-hour patterns that vary throughout your life; for example, in children, the hormones that tell the glands to release testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone are made in pulses at night, and the pulses get bigger as puberty approaches.

Metabolism

- How Sleep Works - Why Sleep Is Important

The way your body handles fat varies according to various circadian clocks, including those in the liver, fat, and muscle. For example, the circadian clocks make sure that your liver is prepared to help digest fats at appropriate times. Your body may handle fat differently if you eat at unusual times.

Studies have shown that not getting enough quality sleep can lead to:

• Increased levels of hormones that control hunger, including leptin and ghrelin, inside your body
• Decreased ability to respond to insulin
• Increased consumption of food, especially fatty, sweet, and salty foods
• Decreased physical activity
• Metabolic syndrome

All of these contribute to overweight and obesity.

Respiratory and immune systems

- How Sleep Works - Why Sleep Is Important

During sleep, you breathe less often and less deeply and take in less oxygen. These changes can cause problems in people who have health problems such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Asthma symptoms are usually worse during early morning sleep. Likewise, breathing problems in people who have lung diseases such as COPD can become worse during sleep.

Sleep also affects different parts of your immune system, which become more active at different times of day. For example, when you sleep, a particular type of immune cell works harder. That is why people who do not sleep enough may be more likely to get colds and other infections.

Problems with thinking and memory

- How Sleep Works - Why Sleep Is Important

Sleep helps with learning and the formation of long-term memories. Not getting enough sleep or enough high-quality sleep can lead to problems focusing on tasks and thinking clearly. Read our Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency Health Topic for more information on how lack of sleep affects performance of daily activities, including driving and schoolwork.

How much sleep is enough

- How Sleep Works - Why Sleep Is Important

Experts recommend that adults sleep between 7 and 9 hours a night. Adults who sleep less than 7 hours a night may have more health issues than those who sleep 7 or more hours a night. Sleeping more than 9 hours a night is not necessarily harmful and may be helpful for young adults, people who are recovering from sleep deprivation, and people who are sick.

How much sleep children should get depends on their age. Sleep experts consider naps to be appropriate for children under age 7. Below you can find the recommended hours of sleep, including naps, for different ages.

• For newborns younger than 4 months, sleep patterns vary widely.
• Babies 4 months to 1 year old should sleep 12 to 16 hours per day.
• Children 1 to 2 years old should sleep 11 to 14 hours per day.
• Children 3 to 5 years old should sleep 10 to 13 hours per day.
• Children 6 to 12 years old should sleep 9 to 12 hours per day.
• Teens 13 to 18 years old should sleep 8 to 10 hours per day.

Talk to your doctor or your child’s doctor if you think you or your child is sleeping too much or too little.

Syndicated Content Details:
Source URL: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/subscribe/86994
Source Agency: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Captured Date: 2019-03-29 16:20:00.0

Tips For Healthy Holiday Eating

When the holidays arrive, many people forget all


about their diets and healthy eating. Weight

gains of 7 - 10 pounds are common between

Halloween and Christmas. To make the holidays

easier, these tips will help you with healthy

eating through the season and not gaining weight.



Most traditional foods can be made low fat.

Turkey is very lean without the skin, and gravy

can be made without any fat. Potatoes that are

served without butter can be very healthy. The

beloved pumpkin pie is nutritious, although it

can be made into a fatty dessert with the adding

of whipped cream.



Even though the holidays are in, don't forget

about the exercise . Keeping weight off during

the holiday season is burning off the extra

calories. You should plan a walk after meals,

park farther from stores when you shop, and

take a few walks around the mall before you

begin shopping.



During holiday parties and at family dinners,

feel free to sample foods although you shouldn't

splurge. Decide on what you plan to eat in

advance, then stick to your plan. Eat plenty

of vegetables and fruit, low fat dressings, and

slices of lean meats. Before you go to a party,

eat a small snack to help curb your appetite.



If at all possible, avoid alcohol. Having too

many drinks can cripple your will power, and

also add excess calories to your diet. In the

place of alcohol, drink water with lemon. Water

can help to limit your appetite and keep you

from binging. Also make sure to avoid eggnog,

as each glass can have up to 300 calories.



Be flexible with your healthy eating, as one bad

meal won't ruin your diet. Try to balance your

calories over a few days and don't just look at

one meal or day.

Activities for Autistic Children

Parents, teachers, and other caregivers often get so caught up in educating and providing structure to the lives of autistic children that they forget that, above all, he or she is a child. Like any other child in his or her age group, your autistic child wants to have fun. While some activities may not be suitable for those suffering from autism, there are a number of fun games to play with autistic children, many of which can get them involved with others or help them further develop motor or social skills while just focusing on having a good time.




Autistic children in the elementary school age range can benefit greatly from song. Even children who do not verbally communicate with words can learn to hum along or play simple instruments, such as tambourines or whistles. Using sounds that are repetitive and with educational lyricshelps autistic children learn school lessons but also gives them an outlet for some of the sensory stimulation they need, such as yelling. Play follow the leader with the instruments to help the children focus their attention and improve socialization skills.



Depending on how mature your child is, he or she may also not only be able to participate in regular childhood games, but greatly benefit from them as well. These activities, including tag and other games, can be learned more easily than you think. Stick with games in which the autistic child is not forced to have close physical contact with other children, as this may be hurtful for autistic individuals. Also, remember to play to your child’s strengths or what he or she wishes to learn. If he or she has a problem with yelling inappropriately, for example, encouraging him or her to be involved with a game of hide and seek may help curb this behavior.



Autistic children often wish to be included in games with non-autistic peers, and so this may help with the learning process. At home, focus on games that involve closer contact with trusted family members. For example, make it a game to get across the room without touching the floor. Perhaps the only route in some instances is to be carried. Remember that each child is different developmentally, so stay in tune with how challenging the activities should be.



As your child matures, he or she may want to be involved with organized sports. This should be encouraged, but choose your sport carefully. Golf, baseball, and other sports that do not involve strong personal sensory stimulation may be better for your child than something like tackle football. However, be open to all possibilities. Be sure the team’s coach understands your child’s disability and is willing to work with him or her.



At this later developmental stage, also continue encouraging learning activities. Sensory games work well to further teach these children, and as they mature emphasize the importance of appropriate behavior as you are playing these games. Using things like water balloons in games your child already enjoys is often as fun for children with autism. Also realize that an autistic individual has trouble seeing things from another’s point of view. Therefore, they may be less likely to enjoy games in which something must be kept a secret from another person (like go-fish).



Overall, you and your child need to grow together. Remember that although he or she has many special needs, sometimes your child needs to simply be a kid as well. Encourage play along with work, and realize that games and activities for autistic children may fulfil two key elements, socialization skills for life and learning to enjoy playing with their peers.

There are many more resources and information about diagnosing, controlling and treating Autism in, The Essential Guide To Autism